usnic BTL Unit Testing Information
==================================
This document briefly describes the scheme put in place for usnic BTL unit
testing.  This system was very quickly tossed together and warrants a proper
revisiting at some point in the future.  There are lots of ways to solve these
problems and this is just one of them.  Future improvement is welcome.

Goals
-----
* To enable _unit_ testing of isolated functions or sets of functions.  This
  has all sorts of benefits, including:
    - greater confidence that corner cases work as expected
    - faster, lower-stress refactoring in the future
    - influencing future interfaces to have less implicit coupling/state (unit
      testing is harder otherwise)
* To be able to test *static* functions as well as non-static ones.
* To avoid cluttering the normal code base with excessive test-related
  macros/code.
* The tests should be easy to run under Valgrind and GDB to facilitate:
    - automated leak/memory checking
    - easy debugging compared to a parallel MPI environment

Anti-Goals
----------
* Testing the low level networking API (e.g., libfabric).
* Testing inter-process interaction, such as PRTE-related functionality.

Constraints
-----------
* our unit tests should never perturb a normal build in terms of performance
  or correctness
    - also should not affect other non-usNIC developers in any way (don't
      break Ralph's `make check`)
* static functions are difficult to test from outside the same source file

Design Notes
------------
* Source files named `X.c` include a header at the end named `test/X_test.h`
    - Rationale: gives tests access to the static functions in `X.c`
    - Rationale: keeps `X.c` clutter-free
* unit test infrastructure lives in `btl_usnic_test.c` and `btl_usnic_test.h`
* unit test functionality is built and enabled by passing
  `--enable-opal-btl-usnic-unit-tests` to configure
    - Rationale: default state disables all unit test logic, achieving our
      "non-interference" goals
* The tests are run by a new executable that gets built when unit tests are
  enabled: `opal_btl_usnic_run_tests`.
* Tests are registered at dlopen time via an
  `__attribute__((__constructor__))` function that is generated by invocations
  of the `USNIC_REGISTER_TEST` macro.
    - Rationale: add tests in one spot, no need to centralize the list of
      tests to run separately from the tests themselves.
* Tests only use a simple `check()` macro right now that has `assert`-like
  semantics.
    - this could easily be expanded in the future, using the check docs as
      inspiration:
      http://check.sourceforge.net/doc/check_html/check_4.html#Convenience-Test-Functions

Worthy Future Goals/Features
----------------------------
* Add some mocking capabilities.
    - could use the preprocessor to replace regular function/macro calls with
      calls to functions/macros that dispatch to changeable function pointers
    - will require some reorganization of some of the existing code...
* Output test results in a format that Jenkins and other tools can understand.
    - TAP
    - jUnit XML
* Possibly utilize part or all of an existing unit testing framework, e.g.:
    - check: http://check.sourceforge.net/  (LGPLed)
    - cUnit: http://cunit.sourceforge.net/  (unfortunately GPLed...)
* Re-examine test grouping and numbering.  Right now there's no real concept
  of "suites" or multiple cases within a single test function.  Once the
  number of tests grows to a certain point it will probably make sense to
  revisit this decision.
