/*
 * Copyright (c) 2009 The Georgia Institute of Technology
 * Copyright (c) 2021 NITK Surathkal
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * This file is adapted from the old ipv4-nix-vector-routing.h.
 *
 * Authors: Josh Pelkey <jpelkey@gatech.edu>
 *
 * Modified by: Ameya Deshpande <ameyanrd@outlook.com>
 */

#ifndef NIX_VECTOR_ROUTING_H
#define NIX_VECTOR_ROUTING_H

#include "ns3/bridge-net-device.h"
#include "ns3/channel.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-interface.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-l3-protocol.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-route.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h"
#include "ns3/ipv6-interface.h"
#include "ns3/ipv6-l3-protocol.h"
#include "ns3/ipv6-route.h"
#include "ns3/ipv6-routing-protocol.h"
#include "ns3/net-device-container.h"
#include "ns3/nix-vector.h"
#include "ns3/node-container.h"
#include "ns3/node-list.h"
#include "ns3/nstime.h"

#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>

// NOLINTBEGIN(modernize-use-override)

namespace ns3
{

/**
 * \defgroup nix-vector-routing Nix-Vector Routing
 *
 * Nix-vector routing is a simulation specific routing protocol and is
 * intended for large network topologies.
 */

/**
 * \ingroup nix-vector-routing
 * Nix-vector routing protocol
 *
 * \internal
 * Since this class is meant to be specialized only by Ipv4RoutingProtocol or
 * Ipv6RoutingProtocol the implementation of this class doesn't need to be
 * exposed here; it is in nix-vector-routing.cc.
 */
template <typename T>
class NixVectorRouting : public std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<Ipv4RoutingProtocol, T> ||
                                                     std::is_same_v<Ipv6RoutingProtocol, T>,
                                                 T>
{
    /// Alias for determining whether the parent is Ipv4RoutingProtocol or Ipv6RoutingProtocol
    static constexpr bool IsIpv4 = std::is_same_v<Ipv4RoutingProtocol, T>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4 and Ipv6 classes
    using Ip = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4, Ipv6>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4Address and Ipv6Address classes
    using IpAddress = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4Address, Ipv6Address>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4Route and Ipv6Route classes
    using IpRoute = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4Route, Ipv6Route>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4AddressHash and Ipv6AddressHash classes
    using IpAddressHash = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4AddressHash, Ipv6AddressHash>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4Header and Ipv6Header classes
    using IpHeader = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4Header, Ipv6Header>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4InterfaceAddress and Ipv6InterfaceAddress classes
    using IpInterfaceAddress =
        typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4InterfaceAddress, Ipv6InterfaceAddress>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4Interface and Ipv6Interface classes
    using IpInterface = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4Interface, Ipv6Interface>;

    /// Alias for Ipv4L3Protocol and Ipv4L3Protocol classes
    using IpL3Protocol = typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, Ipv4L3Protocol, Ipv6L3Protocol>;

  public:
    NixVectorRouting();
    ~NixVectorRouting();
    /**
     * @brief The Interface ID of the Global Router interface.
     * @return The Interface ID
     * @see Object::GetObject ()
     */
    static TypeId GetTypeId();
    /**
     * @brief Set the Node pointer of the node for which this
     * routing protocol is to be placed
     *
     * @param node Node pointer
     */
    void SetNode(Ptr<Node> node);

    /**
     * @brief Called when run-time link topology change occurs
     * which iterates through the node list and flushes any
     * nix vector caches
     *
     * \internal
     * \c const is used here due to need to potentially flush the cache
     * in const methods such as PrintRoutingTable.  Caches are stored in
     * mutable variables and flushed in const methods.
     */
    void FlushGlobalNixRoutingCache() const;

    /**
     * @brief Print the Routing Path according to Nix Routing
     * \param source Source node
     * \param dest Destination node address
     * \param stream The ostream the Routing path is printed to
     * \param unit the time unit to be used in the report
     *
     * \note IpAddress is alias for either Ipv4Address or Ipv6Address
     *       depending on on whether the network is IPv4 or IPv6 respectively.
     */
    void PrintRoutingPath(Ptr<Node> source,
                          IpAddress dest,
                          Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream,
                          Time::Unit unit) const;

  private:
    /**
     * Flushes the cache which stores nix-vector based on
     * destination IP
     */
    void FlushNixCache() const;

    /**
     * Flushes the cache which stores the Ip route
     * based on the destination IP
     */
    void FlushIpRouteCache() const;

    /**
     * Upon a run-time topology change caches are
     * flushed and the total number of neighbors is
     * reset to zero
     */
    void ResetTotalNeighbors();

    /**
     * Takes in the source node and dest IP and calls GetNodeByIp,
     * BFS, accounting for any output interface specified, and finally
     * BuildNixVector to return the built nix-vector
     *
     * \param source Source node
     * \param dest Destination node address
     * \param oif Preferred output interface
     * \returns The NixVector to be used in routing.
     */
    Ptr<NixVector> GetNixVector(Ptr<Node> source, IpAddress dest, Ptr<NetDevice> oif) const;

    /**
     * Checks the cache based on dest IP for the nix-vector
     * \param address Address to check
     * \param foundInCache Address found in cache
     * \returns The NixVector to be used in routing.
     */
    Ptr<NixVector> GetNixVectorInCache(const IpAddress& address, bool& foundInCache) const;

    /**
     * Checks the cache based on dest IP for the IpRoute
     * \param address Address to check
     * \returns The cached route.
     */
    Ptr<IpRoute> GetIpRouteInCache(IpAddress address);

    /**
     * Given a net-device returns all the adjacent net-devices,
     * essentially getting the neighbors on that channel
     * \param [in] netDevice the NetDevice attached to the channel.
     * \param [in] channel the channel to check
     * \param [out] netDeviceContainer the NetDeviceContainer of the NetDevices in the channel.
     */
    void GetAdjacentNetDevices(Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice,
                               Ptr<Channel> channel,
                               NetDeviceContainer& netDeviceContainer) const;

    /**
     * Iterates through the node list and finds the one
     * corresponding to the given IpAddress
     * \param dest destination node IP
     * \return The node with the specified IP.
     */
    Ptr<Node> GetNodeByIp(IpAddress dest) const;

    /**
     * Iterates through the node list and finds the one
     * corresponding to the given IpAddress
     * \param netDevice NetDevice pointer
     * \return The node with the specified IP.
     */
    Ptr<IpInterface> GetInterfaceByNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice) const;

    /**
     * Recurses the T vector, created by BFS and actually builds the nixvector
     * \param [in] parentVector Parent vector for retracing routes
     * \param [in] source Source Node index
     * \param [in] dest Destination Node index
     * \param [out] nixVector the NixVector to be used for routing
     * \returns true on success, false otherwise.
     */
    bool BuildNixVector(const std::vector<Ptr<Node>>& parentVector,
                        uint32_t source,
                        uint32_t dest,
                        Ptr<NixVector> nixVector) const;

    /**
     * Simply iterates through the nodes net-devices and determines
     * how many neighbors the node has.
     * \param [in] node node pointer
     * \returns the number of neighbors of m_node.
     */
    uint32_t FindTotalNeighbors(Ptr<Node> node) const;

    /**
     * Determine if the NetDevice is bridged
     * \param nd the NetDevice to check
     * \returns the bridging NetDevice (or null if the NetDevice is not bridged)
     */
    Ptr<BridgeNetDevice> NetDeviceIsBridged(Ptr<NetDevice> nd) const;

    /**
     * Nix index is with respect to the neighbors.  The net-device index must be
     * derived from this
     * \param [in] node the current node under consideration
     * \param [in] nodeIndex Nix Node index
     * \param [out] gatewayIp IP address of the gateway
     * \returns the index of the NetDevice in the node.
     */
    uint32_t FindNetDeviceForNixIndex(Ptr<Node> node,
                                      uint32_t nodeIndex,
                                      IpAddress& gatewayIp) const;

    /**
     * \brief Breadth first search algorithm.
     * \param [in] numberOfNodes total number of nodes
     * \param [in] source Source Node
     * \param [in] dest Destination Node
     * \param [out] parentVector Parent vector for retracing routes
     * \param [in] oif specific output interface to use from source node, if not null
     * \returns false if dest not found, true o.w.
     */
    bool BFS(uint32_t numberOfNodes,
             Ptr<Node> source,
             Ptr<Node> dest,
             std::vector<Ptr<Node>>& parentVector,
             Ptr<NetDevice> oif) const;

    /**
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::DoInitialize
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::DoInitialize
     */
    void DoInitialize();

    /**
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::DoDispose
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::DoDispose
     */
    void DoDispose();

    /// Map of IpAddress to NixVector
    typedef std::map<IpAddress, Ptr<NixVector>> NixMap_t;
    /// Map of IpAddress to IpRoute
    typedef std::map<IpAddress, Ptr<IpRoute>> IpRouteMap_t;

    /// Callback for IPv4 unicast packets to be forwarded
    typedef Callback<void, Ptr<IpRoute>, Ptr<const Packet>, const IpHeader&>
        UnicastForwardCallbackv4;

    /// Callback for IPv6 unicast packets to be forwarded
    typedef Callback<void, Ptr<const NetDevice>, Ptr<IpRoute>, Ptr<const Packet>, const IpHeader&>
        UnicastForwardCallbackv6;

    /// Callback for unicast packets to be forwarded
    typedef typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, UnicastForwardCallbackv4, UnicastForwardCallbackv6>
        UnicastForwardCallback;

    /// Callback for IPv4 multicast packets to be forwarded
    typedef Callback<void, Ptr<Ipv4MulticastRoute>, Ptr<const Packet>, const IpHeader&>
        MulticastForwardCallbackv4;

    /// Callback for IPv6 multicast packets to be forwarded
    typedef Callback<void,
                     Ptr<const NetDevice>,
                     Ptr<Ipv6MulticastRoute>,
                     Ptr<const Packet>,
                     const IpHeader&>
        MulticastForwardCallbackv6;

    /// Callback for multicast packets to be forwarded
    typedef
        typename std::conditional_t<IsIpv4, MulticastForwardCallbackv4, MulticastForwardCallbackv6>
            MulticastForwardCallback;

    /// Callback for packets to be locally delivered
    typedef Callback<void, Ptr<const Packet>, const IpHeader&, uint32_t> LocalDeliverCallback;

    /// Callback for routing errors (e.g., no route found)
    typedef Callback<void, Ptr<const Packet>, const IpHeader&, Socket::SocketErrno> ErrorCallback;

    /* From Ipv4RoutingProtocol and Ipv6RoutingProtocol */
    /**
     * \brief Query routing cache for an existing route, for an outbound packet
     * \param p packet to be routed.  Note that this method may modify the packet.
     *          Callers may also pass in a null pointer.
     * \param header input parameter (used to form key to search for the route)
     * \param oif Output interface Netdevice.  May be zero, or may be bound via
     *            socket options to a particular output interface.
     * \param sockerr Output parameter; socket errno
     *
     * \returns a code that indicates what happened in the lookup
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::RouteOutput
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::RouteOutput
     */
    virtual Ptr<IpRoute> RouteOutput(Ptr<Packet> p,
                                     const IpHeader& header,
                                     Ptr<NetDevice> oif,
                                     Socket::SocketErrno& sockerr);

    /**
     * \brief Route an input packet (to be forwarded or locally delivered)
     * \param p received packet
     * \param header input parameter used to form a search key for a route
     * \param idev Pointer to ingress network device
     * \param ucb Callback for the case in which the packet is to be forwarded
     *            as unicast
     * \param mcb Callback for the case in which the packet is to be forwarded
     *            as multicast
     * \param lcb Callback for the case in which the packet is to be locally
     *            delivered
     * \param ecb Callback to call if there is an error in forwarding
     *
     * \returns true if NixVectorRouting class takes responsibility for
     *          forwarding or delivering the packet, false otherwise
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::RouteInput
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::RouteInput
     */
    virtual bool RouteInput(Ptr<const Packet> p,
                            const IpHeader& header,
                            Ptr<const NetDevice> idev,
                            UnicastForwardCallback ucb,
                            MulticastForwardCallback mcb,
                            LocalDeliverCallback lcb,
                            ErrorCallback ecb);

    /**
     * \param interface the index of the interface we are being notified about
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceUp
     */
    virtual void NotifyInterfaceUp(uint32_t interface);

    /**
     * \param interface the index of the interface we are being notified about
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::NotifyInterfaceDown
     */
    virtual void NotifyInterfaceDown(uint32_t interface);

    /**
     * \param interface the index of the interface we are being notified about
     * \param address a new address being added to an interface
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::NotifyAddAddress
     */
    virtual void NotifyAddAddress(uint32_t interface, IpInterfaceAddress address);

    /**
     * \param interface the index of the interface we are being notified about
     * \param address a new address being added to an interface
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveAddress
     */
    virtual void NotifyRemoveAddress(uint32_t interface, IpInterfaceAddress address);

    /**
     * \brief Print the Routing Table entries
     *
     * \param stream The ostream the Routing table is printed to
     * \param unit The time unit to be used in the report
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::PrintRoutingTable
     */
    virtual void PrintRoutingTable(Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream,
                                   Time::Unit unit = Time::S) const;

    /* From IPv4RoutingProtocol */
    /**
     * \brief Typically, invoked directly or indirectly from ns3::Ipv4::SetRoutingProtocol
     *
     * \param ipv4 the ipv4 object this routing protocol is being associated with
     *
     * \sa Ipv4RoutingProtocol::SetIpv4
     */
    virtual void SetIpv4(Ptr<Ip> ipv4);

    /* From IPv6RoutingProtocol */
    /**
     * \brief Typically, invoked directly or indirectly from ns3::Ipv6::SetRoutingProtocol
     *
     * \param ipv6 the ipv6 object this routing protocol is being associated with
     *
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::SetIpv6
     */
    virtual void SetIpv6(Ptr<Ip> ipv6);

    /**
     * \brief Notify a new route.
     *
     * \param dst destination address
     * \param mask destination mask
     * \param nextHop nextHop for this destination
     * \param interface output interface
     * \param prefixToUse prefix to use as source with this route
     *
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::NotifyAddRoute
     */
    virtual void NotifyAddRoute(IpAddress dst,
                                Ipv6Prefix mask,
                                IpAddress nextHop,
                                uint32_t interface,
                                IpAddress prefixToUse = IpAddress::GetZero());

    /**
     * \brief Notify route removing.
     *
     * \param dst destination address
     * \param mask destination mask
     * \param nextHop nextHop for this destination
     * \param interface output interface
     * \param prefixToUse prefix to use as source with this route
     *
     * \sa Ipv6RoutingProtocol::NotifyRemoveRoute
     */
    virtual void NotifyRemoveRoute(IpAddress dst,
                                   Ipv6Prefix mask,
                                   IpAddress nextHop,
                                   uint32_t interface,
                                   IpAddress prefixToUse = IpAddress::GetZero());

    /**
     * Flushes routing caches if required.
     */
    void CheckCacheStateAndFlush() const;

    /**
     * Build map from IP Address to Node for faster lookup.
     */
    void BuildIpAddressToNodeMap() const;

    /**
     * Flag to mark when caches are dirty and need to be flushed.
     * Used for lazy cleanup of caches when there are many topology changes.
     */
    static bool g_isCacheDirty;

    /**
     * Nix Epoch, incremented each time a flush is perfomed.
     */
    static uint32_t g_epoch;

    /** Cache stores nix-vectors based on destination ip */
    mutable NixMap_t m_nixCache;

    /** Cache stores IpRoutes based on destination ip */
    mutable IpRouteMap_t m_ipRouteCache;

    Ptr<Ip> m_ip;     //!< IP object
    Ptr<Node> m_node; //!< Node object

    /** Total neighbors used for nix-vector to determine number of bits */
    uint32_t m_totalNeighbors;

    /**
     * Mapping of IP address to ns-3 node.
     *
     * Used to avoid linear searching of nodes/devices to find a node in
     * GetNodeByIp() method.  NIX vector routing assumes IP addresses
     * are unique so mapping can be done without duplication.
     **/
    typedef std::unordered_map<IpAddress, ns3::Ptr<ns3::Node>, IpAddressHash> IpAddressToNodeMap;
    static IpAddressToNodeMap g_ipAddressToNodeMap; //!< Address to node map.

    /// Mapping of Ptr<NetDevice> to Ptr<IpInterface>.
    typedef std::unordered_map<Ptr<NetDevice>, Ptr<IpInterface>> NetDeviceToIpInterfaceMap;
    static NetDeviceToIpInterfaceMap
        g_netdeviceToIpInterfaceMap; //!< NetDevice pointer to IpInterface pointer map
};

/**
 * \ingroup nix-vector-routing
 * Create the typedef Ipv4NixVectorRouting with T as Ipv4RoutingProtocol
 *
 * Note: This typedef enables also backwards compatibility with original Ipv4NixVectorRouting.
 */
typedef NixVectorRouting<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> Ipv4NixVectorRouting;

/**
 * \ingroup nix-vector-routing
 * Create the typedef Ipv6NixVectorRouting with T as Ipv6RoutingProtocol
 */
typedef NixVectorRouting<Ipv6RoutingProtocol> Ipv6NixVectorRouting;
} // namespace ns3

// NOLINTEND(modernize-use-override)

#endif /* NIX_VECTOR_ROUTING_H */
