/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Mathew Bielejeski <bielejeski1@llnl.gov>
 */

#include "csv-reader.h"

#include "ns3/log.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <fstream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

/**
 * \file
 * \ingroup core
 * \ingroup csvreader
 *
 * ns3::CsvReader implementation
 */

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("CsvReader");

namespace
{

/**
 * Convert a string into another type.
 *
 * Uses a stringstream to deserialize the value stored in \p input
 * to a value of type T and writes the deserialized value to \p output.
 *
 * \tparam T Data type of output.
 * \param input String containing serialized data.
 * \param output Place to store deserialized value.
 *
 * \return \c true if deserialization was successful, \c false otherwise.
 */
template <typename T>
bool
GenericTransform(std::string input, T& output)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(input);

    std::istringstream stream(input);

    stream >> output;

    return static_cast<bool>(stream);
}

} // unnamed namespace

namespace ns3
{

CsvReader::CsvReader(const std::string& filepath, char delimiter /* =',' */)
    : m_delimiter(delimiter),
      m_rowsRead(0),
      m_fileStream(filepath),
      m_stream(&m_fileStream)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << filepath);
}

CsvReader::CsvReader(std::istream& stream, char delimiter /* =',' */)
    : m_delimiter(delimiter),
      m_rowsRead(0),
      m_fileStream(),
      m_stream(&stream)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}

CsvReader::~CsvReader()
{
}

std::size_t
CsvReader::ColumnCount() const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);

    return m_columns.size();
}

std::size_t
CsvReader::RowNumber() const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);

    return m_rowsRead;
}

char
CsvReader::Delimiter() const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);

    return m_delimiter;
}

bool
CsvReader::FetchNextRow()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);

    std::string line;

    if (m_stream->eof())
    {
        NS_LOG_LOGIC("Reached end of stream");
        return false;
    }

    NS_LOG_LOGIC("Reading line " << m_rowsRead + 1);

    std::getline(*m_stream, line);

    if (m_stream->fail())
    {
        NS_LOG_ERROR("Reading line " << m_rowsRead + 1 << " failed");

        return false;
    }

    ++m_rowsRead;

    ParseLine(line);

    return true;
}

bool
CsvReader::IsBlankRow() const
{
    return m_blankRow;
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, double& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, float& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, signed char& value) const
{
    typedef signed char byte_type;

    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    std::istringstream tempStream(input);

    std::int16_t tempOutput = 0;
    tempStream >> tempOutput;

    if (tempOutput >= std::numeric_limits<byte_type>::min() &&
        tempOutput <= std::numeric_limits<byte_type>::max())
    {
        value = static_cast<byte_type>(tempOutput);
    }

    bool success = static_cast<bool>(tempStream);

    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Input='" << input << "', output=" << tempOutput << ", result=" << success);

    return success;
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, short& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, int& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, long& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, long long& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, std::string& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    value = input;

    return true;
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, unsigned char& value) const
{
    typedef unsigned char byte_type;

    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    std::istringstream tempStream(input);

    std::uint16_t tempOutput = 0;
    tempStream >> tempOutput;

    if (tempOutput >= std::numeric_limits<byte_type>::min() &&
        tempOutput <= std::numeric_limits<byte_type>::max())
    {
        value = static_cast<byte_type>(tempOutput);
    }

    bool success = static_cast<bool>(tempStream);

    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Input='" << input << "', output=" << tempOutput << ", result=" << success);

    return success;
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, unsigned short& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, unsigned int& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, unsigned long& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::GetValueAs(std::string input, unsigned long long& value) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << input);

    return GenericTransform(std::move(input), value);
}

bool
CsvReader::IsDelimiter(char c) const
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << c);

    return c == m_delimiter;
}

void
CsvReader::ParseLine(const std::string& line)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << line);

    std::string value;
    m_columns.clear();

    auto start_col = line.begin();
    auto end_col = line.end();

    while (start_col != line.end())
    {
        std::tie(value, end_col) = ParseColumn(start_col, line.end());

        NS_LOG_DEBUG("ParseColumn() returned: " << value);

        m_columns.push_back(std::move(value));

        if (end_col != line.end())
        {
            ++end_col;
        }

        start_col = end_col;
    }
    m_blankRow = (m_columns.size() == 1) && (m_columns[0] == "");
    NS_LOG_LOGIC("blank row: " << m_blankRow);
}

std::tuple<std::string, std::string::const_iterator>
CsvReader::ParseColumn(std::string::const_iterator begin, std::string::const_iterator end)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << std::string(begin, end));

    enum class State
    {
        BEGIN,
        END_QUOTE,
        FIND_DELIMITER,
        QUOTED_STRING,
        UNQUOTED_STRING,
        END
    };

    State state = State::BEGIN;
    std::string buffer;
    auto iter = begin;

    while (state != State::END)
    {
        if (iter == end)
        {
            NS_LOG_DEBUG("Found end iterator, switching to END state");

            state = State::END;
            continue;
        }

        auto c = *iter;

        NS_LOG_DEBUG("Next character: '" << c << "'");

        // handle common cases here to avoid duplicating logic
        if (state != State::QUOTED_STRING)
        {
            if (IsDelimiter(c))
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Found field delimiter, switching to END state");

                if (state == State::UNQUOTED_STRING)
                {
                    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Removing trailing whitespace from unquoted field: '" << buffer
                                                                                       << "'");
                    auto len = buffer.size();

                    // remove trailing whitespace from the field
                    while (!buffer.empty() &&
                           std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(buffer.back())))
                    {
                        buffer.pop_back();
                    }

                    auto finalLen = buffer.size();

                    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Removed " << (len - finalLen)
                                            << " trailing whitespace characters");
                }

                state = State::END;

                continue;
            }
            else if (c == '#')
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Found start of comment, switching to END state");

                // comments consume the rest of the line, set iter to end
                // to reflect that fact.
                iter = end;
                state = State::END;

                continue;
            }
        }

        switch (state)
        {
        case State::BEGIN: {
            if (c == '"')
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Switching state: BEGIN -> QUOTED_STRING");

                state = State::QUOTED_STRING;
            }
            else if (!std::isspace(c))
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Switching state: BEGIN -> UNQUOTED_STRING");

                state = State::UNQUOTED_STRING;
                buffer.push_back(c);
            }
        }
        break;
        case State::QUOTED_STRING: {
            if (c == '"')
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Switching state: QUOTED_STRING -> END_QUOTE");
                state = State::END_QUOTE;
            }
            else
            {
                buffer.push_back(c);
            }
        }
        break;
        case State::END_QUOTE: {
            if (c == '"')
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Switching state: END_QUOTE -> QUOTED_STRING");

                // an escape quote instead of an end quote
                state = State::QUOTED_STRING;
                buffer.push_back(c);
            }
            else
            {
                NS_LOG_DEBUG("Switching state: END_QUOTE -> FIND_DELIMITER");
                state = State::FIND_DELIMITER;
            }
        }
        break;
        case State::UNQUOTED_STRING: {
            buffer.push_back(c);
        }
        break;
        case State::FIND_DELIMITER:
            break;
        case State::END:
            break;
        }

        ++iter;
    }

    NS_LOG_DEBUG("Field value: " << buffer);

    return std::make_tuple(buffer, iter);
}

} // namespace ns3
